PIPING SYMBOLS

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centre of mass of human

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In order to determine the center of mass of a person, we used the formula for torque: Στ = rF The torques due to the weight on each end of the person were set equal to each other. The displayed weight on the scale was the force, and there are two different radii. The first radius is the distance to the center of mass from the person's feet, and the second radius is the length of the board minus the distance to the center of mass from the person's feet. The net torque of the system is zero and therefore the torques on the opposite sides of the boards must be equal: w 1 x = w 2 (l-x), where w 1  is equal to the weight at the person's feet, x is equal to the distance from the person's feet to his/her center of mass, w 2 is equal to the weight at the head, and l is equal to the length of the beams. The resulting formula, when solved for the distance to the center of mass from the person's feet (radius one) is: x = w 2 l/(w 1  ...
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Differential Gear System in Automobiles

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A differential gear is an arrangement of beveled gears in such a manner such that the input torsion is taken up by a ring gear and distributed equally through two planetary gears to the side gears which drive the shafts on either side. One of the common applications of differential gears is in automobiles. Consider a vehicle following a curved path. As one can easily imagine, the inner wheel covers a shorter distance than the outer wheel. In case the system consists of only a single shaft connecting the inner and outer wheel, both the wheels are forced to turn at the same angular momentum and hence makes turning difficult leading to slippage and binding of tires. In addition to this, the strain on the inner wheels is passed on to the outer wheels through the axle putting undue strain on it. This problem is solved by using the differential gear system. In this, the power of the engine is transferred through a drive shaft and pinion arrangement to the ring gear and the torque is furt...
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Basic electricity

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Electricity is a physical phenomena involving positive and negative charge. When these charges are in motion they may produce heat, light and magnetism.  When charges are not in motion, static electricity can  manifests itself as a force such as clothes clinging to each other when they are removed from a dryer.  A simple stationary system of a single positive ion and a single negative ion (or electron) separated by large distance with respect to their size ( a meter for example) will have a E field associated with them. Along the axis connecting the two ions the E vector points directly from the positive ion towards the negative ion.  At this theoretical point in time there is no H field. The E field will cause the charge particles to move towards each other.  This relative motion of positive and negative charge is the simplest example of current.  Associated with this tiny current a magnetic or H field will exist. The motion of the positive charge will be ...
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